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Summary |
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Plant Type |
Woody Tree |
Federal Status |
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Life Cycle |
Perennial |
National Indicator NWI |
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Origin |
Native |
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Morphology/Physiology |
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Growth Form |
Erect |
Foliage Porosity Summer |
Dense |
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Growth Habit |
Multiple Stem |
Foliage Porosity Winter |
Moderate |
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Low Growing Grass |
No |
Active Growth Period |
Spring and Summer |
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Coppice Potential |
No |
Growth Rate |
Slow |
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Lifespan |
Long |
After Harvest Regrowth Rate |
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Mature Height (ft.) |
3 |
Resprout Ability |
No |
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Max Height at 20 Years (ft.) |
3 |
Allelopath |
No |
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Fruit/Seed Conspicuous |
No |
Bloat |
None |
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Flower Conspicuous |
No |
C:N Ratio |
High |
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Fall Conspicuous |
No |
Fire Resistant |
No |
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Fruit/Seed Color |
Brown |
Nitrogen Fixation |
None |
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Flower Color |
Yellow |
Toxicity |
None |
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Foliage Color |
Gray-Green |
Leaf Retention |
No |
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Foliage Texture |
Coarse |
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Reproduction |
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Bloom Period |
Late Summer |
Propagated by Bare Root |
Yes |
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Fruit/Seed Period Begin |
Fall |
Propagated by Bulbs |
No |
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Fruit/Seed Period End |
Fall |
Propagated by Container |
Yes |
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Fruit/Seed Abundance |
Medium |
Propagated by Corms |
No |
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Fruit/Seed Persistence |
Yes |
Propagated by Cuttings |
No |
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Small Grain |
No |
Propagated by Seed |
Yes |
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Seed Per Pound |
1215000 |
Propagated by Sod |
No |
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Seedling Vigor |
Low |
Propagated by Sprigs |
No |
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Seed Spread Rate |
Rapid |
Propagated by Tubers |
No |
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Vegetative Spread Rate |
None |
Commercial Availability |
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Growth Requirements |
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Adapt Fine Tex Soils |
Yes |
Maximum Precipitation (in.) |
20 |
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Adapt Medium Tex Soils |
Yes |
Minimum Frost Free Days |
90 |
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Adapt Coarse Tex Soils |
Yes |
Minimum Temperature (F°) |
-33 |
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Cold Stratification Required |
No |
Minimum Planting Density/acre |
700 |
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Fertility Requirement |
Low |
Maximum Planting Density/acre |
1200 |
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Minimum pH |
6 |
Anaerobic Tolerance |
None |
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Maximum pH |
8.5 |
CaCO3 Tolerance |
High |
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Minimum Root Depth (in.) |
20 |
Drought Tolerance |
High |
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Minimum AWC (in.) |
Fire Tolerance |
Low |
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Minimum ET Actual (in.) |
Hedge Tolerance |
Low |
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Moisture Use |
Medium |
Salinity Tolerance |
Low |
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Minimum Precipitation (in). |
8 |
Shade Tolerance |
Intolerant |
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Suitability/Use |
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Fuelwood Product |
Veneer Product |
No |
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Fodder Product |
No |
Xmas Tree Product |
No |
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Lumber Product |
No |
Berry Nut Seed Product |
No |
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Naval Store Product |
No |
Protein Potential |
Medium |
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Nursery Stock Product |
No |
Palatable Browse Animal |
Medium |
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Post Product |
No |
Palatable Graze Animal |
Low |
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Pulpwood Product |
No |
Palatable Human |
No |
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